# MacOS keyboard shortcuts # Table of contents - [MacOS keyboard shortcuts](#macos-keyboard-shortcuts) - [Table of contents](#table-of-contents) - [Mac Keyboard Modifier keys](#mac-keyboard-modifier-keys) - [Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts](#cut-copy-paste-and-other-common-shortcuts) - [Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts](#sleep-log-out-and-shut-down-shortcuts) - [Finder and system shortcuts](#finder-and-system-shortcuts) - [Document shortcuts](#document-shortcuts) ## Mac Keyboard Modifier keys | key | description | | :--- | :------------- | | ⌘ | ⌘ + / Cmd | | ⌃ | Control / Ctrl | | ⌥ | ⌥ + s / Alt | | ⇧ | Shift | | ⇪ | Caps Lock | | Fn | Function key | _- On Windows keyboards use the Alt key instead of ⌥ + , and the Windows logo key instead of ⌘ + ._ ## Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts | keys | description | | :------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | ⌘ + x | Cut the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard | | ⌘ + c | Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder | | ⌘ + v | Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder | | ⌘ + z | Undo the previous comamnd | | ⇧ + ⌘ + z | Redo, reversing the undo command | | ⌘ + a | Select All items | | ⌘ + f | Find items in a document or open a Find window | | ⌘ + g | Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found | | ⇧ + ⌘ + G | Find the previous occurrence | | ⌘ + h | Hide the windows of the front app | | ⌥ + ⌘ + h | View the front app but hide all other apps | | ⌘ + m | Minimize the front window to the Dock | | ⌥ + ⌘ + m | Minimize all windows of the front app | | ⌘ + o | Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open | | ⌘ + p | Print the current document | | ⌘ + s | Save the current document | | ⌘ + t | Open a new tab | | ⌘ + w | Close the front window | | ⌥ + ⌘ + w | Close all windows of the app | | ⌥ + ⌘ + Esc | Force quit an app | | ⌘ + Space | Show or hide the Spotlight search field | | ⌘ + ⌥ + Space | Perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window | | ⌃ + ⌘ + Space | Show the Character Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other symbols | | ⌃ + ⌘ + f | Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app | | Space | Use Quick Look to preview the selected item | | ⌘ + Tab | Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps | | ⇧ + ⌘ + 5 | In macOS Mojave or later, take a screenshot or make a screen recording | | ⇧ + ⌘ + 3 | Take whole display screenshot | | ⇧ + ⌘ + 4 | Take custom screenshot | | ⇧ + ⌘ + n | Create a new folder in the Finder | | ⌘ + , | Open preferences for the front app | ## Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts _* You might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally._ | keys | description | | :---------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Power button | Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep | | Power button | Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep | | Power button | Press and continue holding to force your Mac to turn off | | ⌥ + ⌘ + Power | Put your Mac to sleep | | ⌥ + ⌘ + Eject | Put your Mac to sleep | | ⌃ + ⇧ + Power | Put your displays to sleep | | ⌃ + ⇧ + Eject | Put your displays to sleep | | ⌃ + Power | Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down | | ⌃ + Eject | Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down | | ⌃ + ⌘ + Power | Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents | | ⌃ + ⌘ + Eject | Quit all apps, then restart your Mac | | ⌃ + ⌥ + ⌘ + Power | Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac | | ⌃ ⌥ + ⌘ + Eject | Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac | | ⌃ + ⌘ + q | Immediately lock your screen | | ⇧ + ⌘ + q | Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm | | ⌥ + ⇧ + ⌘ + q | Log out immediately without confirming | ## Finder and system shortcuts | keys | description | | :------------------------------ | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ⌘ + d | Duplicate the selected files | | ⌘ + e | Eject the selected disk or volume | | ⌘ + f | Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window | | ⌘ + i | Show the Get Info window for a selected file | | ⌘ + r | (1) When an alias is selected in the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias | | ⌘ + r | (2) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page | | ⌘ + r | (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again | | ⇧ + ⌘ + c | Open the Computer window | | ⇧ + ⌘ + d | Open the desktop folder | | ⇧ + ⌘ + f | Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently | | ⇧ + ⌘ + g | Open a Go to Folder window | | ⇧ + ⌘ + h | Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account | | ⇧ + ⌘ + i | Open iCloud Drive | | ⇧ + ⌘ + k | Open the Network window | | ⌥ + ⌘ + l | Open the Downloads folder | | ⇧ + ⌘ + n | Create a new folder | | ⇧ + ⌘ + o | Open the Documents folder | | ⇧ + ⌘ + p | Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows | | ⇧ + ⌘ + r | Open the AirDrop window | | ⇧ + ⌘ + t | Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows | | ⌃ + ⇧ + ⌘ + t | Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later) | | ⇧ + ⌘ + u | Open the Utilities folder | | ⌥ + ⌘ + d | Show or hide the Dock | | ⌃ + ⌘ + t | Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later) | | ⌥ + ⌘ + p | Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows | | ⌥ + ⌘ + s | Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows | | ⌘ + / | Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows | | ⌘ + j | Show View Options | | ⌘ + k | Open the Connect to Server window | | ⌃ + ⌘ + a | Make an alias of the selected item | | ⌘ + n | Open a new Finder window | | ⌥ + ⌘ + n | Create a new Smart Folder | | ⌘ + t | Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window | | ⌥ + ⌘ + t | Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window | | ⌥ + ⌘ + v | Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location | | ⌘ + y | Use Quick Look to preview the selected files | | ⌥ + ⌘ + v | View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files | | ⌘ + 1 | View the items in the Finder window as icons | | ⌘ + 2 | View the items in a Finder window as a list | | ⌘ + 3 | View the items in a Finder window in columns | | ⌘ + 4 | View the items in a Finder window in a gallery | | ⌘ + [ | Go to the previous folder | | ⌘ + ] | Go to the next folder | | ⌘ + ↑ | Open the folder that contains the current folder | | ⌃ + ⌘ + ↑ | Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window | | ⌘ + ↓ | Open the selected item | | → | Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view | | ← | Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view | | ⌘ + Delete | Move the selected item to the Trash | | ⇧ + ⌘ + Delete | Empty the Trash | | ⌥ + ⇧ + ⌘ + Delete | Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog | | ⌘ + Brightness Down | Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display | | ⌥ + Brightness Up | Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key | | ⌃ + Brightness Up/Down | Adjust brightness of your external display, if supported by your display | | ⌥ + ⇧ + Brightness Up/Down | Adjust display brightness in smaller steps | | ⌃ + ⌥ + ⇧ + Brightness Up/Down | Adjust external display brightness in smaller steps, if supported by display | | ⌥ + Mission Control | Open Mission Control preferences | | ⌃ + Mission Control | Show the desktop | | ⌃ + ↓ | Show all windows of the front app | | ⌥ + Volume Up | Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys | | ⌥ + ⇧ + Volume up/Down | Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps | | ⌥ + Brightness Up | Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key | | ⌥ + ⇧ + Brightness Up/Down | Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps | | ⌥ + double-clicking | Open the item in a separate window, then close the original window | | ⌘ + double-clicking | Open a folder in a separate tab or window | | ⌘ + dragging to another volume | Move the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying it | | ⌥ + dragging | Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item | | ⌥ + ⌘ + while dragging | Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item | | ⌥ + click a disclosure triangle | Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view | | ⌘ + click a window title | See the folders that contain the current folder | ## Document shortcuts _*The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using_ | keys | description | | :------------ | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ⌘ + b | Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off | | ⌘ + i | Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off | | ⌘ + k | Add a web link | | ⌘ + u | Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off | | ⌘ + t | Show or hide the Fonts window | | ⌘ + d | Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog | | ⌃ + ⌘ + d | Show or hide the definition of the selected word | | ⇧ + ⌘ + : | Display the Spelling and Grammar window | | ⌘ + ; | Find misspelled words in the document | | ⌥ + Delete | Delete the word to the left of the insertion point | | ⌃ + h | Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete | | ⌃ + d | Delete the character to the right of the insertion point | | Fn + Delete | Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key | | ⌃ + k | Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph | | Fn + ↑ | Page Up: Scroll up one page | | Fn + ↓ | Page Down: Scroll down one page. | | Fn + ← | Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document. | | Fn + → | End: Scroll to the end of a document. | | ⌘ + ↑ | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document | | ⌘ + ↓ | Move the insertion point to the end of the document. | | ⌘ + ← | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line. | | ⌘ + → | Move the insertion point to the end of the current line. | | ⌥ + ← | Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word | | ⌥ + → | Move the insertion point to the end of the next word | | ⇧ + ⌘ + ↑ | Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document | | ⇧ + ⌘ + ↓ | Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document | | ⇧ + ⌘ + ← | Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line | | ⇧ + ⌘ + → | Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line | | ⇧ + ↑ | Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above | | ⇧ + ↓ | Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below | | ⇧ + ← | Extend text selection one character to the left | | ⇧ + → | Extend text selection one character to the right | | ⌥ + ⇧ + ↑ | Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again | | ⌥ + ⇧ + ↓ | Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again | | ⌥ + ⇧ + ← | Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again | | ⌥ + ⇧ + → | Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again | | ⌃ + a | Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph | | ⌃ + e | Move to the end of a line or paragraph | | ⌃ + f | Move one character forward | | ⌃ + b | Move one character backward | | ⌃ + l | Center the cursor or selection in the visible area | | ⌃ + p | Move up one line | | ⌃ + n | Move down one line | | ⌃ + o | Insert a new line after the insertion point | | ⌃ + t | Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point | | ⌘ + { | Left align | | ⌘ + } | Right align | | ⇧ + ⌘ + \| | Center align | | ⌥ + ⌘ + f | Go to the search field | | ⌥ + ⌘ + t | Show or hide a toolbar in the app | | ⌥ + ⌘ + c | Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard | | ⌥ + ⌘ + v | Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item | | ⌥ + ⇧ + ⌘ + v | Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content | | ⌥ + ⌘ + i | Show or hide the inspector window | | ⇧ + ⌘ + p | Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings | | ⇧ + ⌘ + s | Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document | | ⇧ + ⌘ + (-) | Decrease the size of the selected item | | ⇧ + ⌘ + (+) | Increase the size of the selected item | | ⌘ + = | performs the same function | | ⇧ + ⌘ + ? | Open the Help menu |